R E T U R N M E N U

Dietary Lycopene and
Disease Risk

Plasma/Serum Lycopene
and Disease Risk

Lycopene Supplementation
and Disease Risk

Tomato/Tomato-based foods
and Disease Risk

C R I T I C A L F I N D I N G S

Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Gastric/oral (Upper GI) Cancer
Lung Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Renal Cell Cancer
Urothelial Cancer

CANCER
Tomato/Tomato-based foods and Disease Risk

Breast Cancer- main findings

Data support a neutral relationship between the intake of processed tomatoes and breast cancer risk.

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 7
Risk estimates (RE) = 7
- (-) = 2
- N = 5
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 2 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 5 (N)
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0

Colorectal Cancer- main findings

Data are mixed and inconclusive

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 2
Risk estimates (RE) = 2
- (-) = 1
- N = 1
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 1 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 1 N
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0

Gastric Cancer- main findings

Data support a protective effect of eating tomatoes and reduced risk of gastric cancer.

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 4
Risk estimates (RE) = 7
- (-) = 7
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 3 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 1 (-)
- √FT F. Tom = 2 (-)
- √Lyco Lyco = 1 (-)

Lung Cancer- main findings

Data support a protective relationship between the intake of tomato-based foods and lung cancer risk.

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 6
Risk estimates (RE) = 6
- (-) = 6
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 5 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 1 (-)
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0

Ovarian Cancer- main findings

Data support a neutral relationship between tomato intake and ovarian cancer risk.

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 2
Risk estimates (RE) = 2
- (-) = 1
- N = 1
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 1 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 1 (N)
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0

Pancreatic Cancer- main findings

Data suggest a potential protection between the intake of tomatoes and pancreatic cancer risk. The data are limited.

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 2
Risk estimates (RE) = 2
- (-) = 2
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 2 (-)
- √PT P. Tom = 0
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0

Prostate Cancer- main findings

Data support a protective relationship between the intake of tomato-based foods and prostate cancer risk.
The data also suggest that processed tomato intake may be the most beneficial in this protection compared to alternative categories of tomato intake (general or fresh).

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 27
Risk estimates (RE) = 35
- (-) = 24
- N = 9
- (+) = 2
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 9 (-), 5 (N), 1 (+)
- √PT P. Tom = 10 (-), 3 (N)
- √FT F. Tom = 1 (-), 0 (N), 1 (+)
- √Lyco Lyco = 4 (-), 1 (N)

Renal Cancer- main findings

1 CC study (n=335 cases, 1:1); (-) / protective findings

Urothelial Cancer- main findings

Data support a neutral relationship between the intake of tomatoes and urothelial cancer risk.
1 PC study; Neutral findings

Summary of studies and outcomes

Number of studies = 1
Risk estimates (RE) = 1
- N = 1
Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
- √GT G. Tom = 1 (N)
- √PT P. Tom = 0
- √FT F. Tom = 0
- √Lyco Lyco = 0