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R E T U R N    M E N U

Dietary Lycopene and Disease Risk Plasma/Serum Lycopene and Disease Risk Lycopene Supplementation and Disease Risk Tomato/Tomato-based foods and Disease Risk

C R I T I C A L   F I N D I N G S

Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Endometrial Cancer Gastric/oral (Upper GI) Cancer Lung Cancer Ovarian Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Prostate Cancer Renal Cell Cancer Uterine & Mortality Cancer Risk Reviews

CANCER
Dietary Lycopene and Disease Risk

Brain Cancer- main findings

• Inconclusive

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 1
  
• Risk estimates = 1
  • (-) = 0
    
  • N = 0
    
  • (+) = 1

Breast Cancer- main findings

• Data support a neutral, although potentially protective, relationship between dietary lycopene and breast cancer risk

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 17
• Risk estimates = 18
  • (-) = 6
    
  • N = 12

Cervical Cancer- main findings

• Data suggest a protective relationship between dietary lycopene intake and cervical cancer; however studies are few with limited sample size and the p-value for 1 ‘protective’ inferring risk estimate was modest (p=0.10).

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 2
• Risk estimates = 3
  • (-) = 3
• Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
  • √GT G. Tom = 1 (-)
  • √Lyc Lyco = 2 (-)

Colorectal Cancer- main findings

Data support a neutral association between dietary lycopene and colorectal cancer risk; however 2 relatively large observational studies are suggesting a risk relationship associated dietary lycopene intake. These findings require follow up.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 13
• Risk estimates = 14
  • (-) = 3
  • N = 9
  • (+) = 2
  
  

Endometrial Cancer- main findings

• Data indicate a neutral relationship between dietary lycopene and endometrial cancer risk.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 4
• Risk estimates = 4
  • (-) = 1
  • N = 3

Gastric/oral (Upper GI) Cancer- main findings

• Data support a neutral, potentially protective relationship for some people between dietary lycopene and gastric/upper GI cancer.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 11
• Risk estimates = 11
  • (-) = 4
  • N = 7

Lung Cancer- main findings

• Data support a neutral, although favoring protective, relationship between dietary lycopene and lung cancer.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 6
• Risk estimates = 6
  • (-) = 2
  • N = 4

Ovarian Cancer- main findings

• Data suggest that dietary lycopene is neutral in its association with ovarian cancer; however, processed tomato consumption may provide some level of protection.
• Menopausal status may be an important factor for determining benefit of lycopene/lycopene-rich foods.
  • One study suggested the benefit of dietary lycopene was specific to premenopausal women, whereas alpha-carotene was beneficial in postmenopausal women.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 4

Risk estimates (RE) = 5

• (-) = 2
• N = 3

Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category

• √PT P. Tom = 1 (-)
• √Lyc Lyco = 1 (-), 3 (N)

Pancreatic Cancer - main findings

• The data indicate a limited possible protective association between dietary lycopene, and tomatoes as a source of lycopene, and pancreatic cancer. Data are limited.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 2
• Risk estimate (RE): 3
  • (-) = 2
  • N = 1
• Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
  • √GT G. Tom = 1 (-)
  • √Lyc Lyco = 1 (-), 1 (N)

Prostate Cancer- main findings

• Data may support a protective relationship between dietary lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk.
• Tomatoes (as a general category) or processed tomatoes (specifically) are main sources of dietary lycopene and support a protective effect of tomato/lycopene-rich foods on prostate cancer.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 15
• Risk estimates (RE) = 21
  • (-) = 13
  • N = 8
• Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
  • √GT G. Tom = 4 (-)
  • √PT P. Tom = 2 (-)
  • √Lyc Lyco = 7 (-), 8 (N)

Renal Cell Cancer- main findings

• Data support a neutral relationship between dietary lycopene intake and renal cell cancer risk.

Summary of studies and outcomes

• Number of studies = 3
• Risk estimates (RE) = 3
  • N = 3
• Risk estimates by Tomato or Lycopene category
  • √GT G. Tom = 0
  • √PT P. Tom = 0
  • √Lyc Lyco = 3 (N)

Uterine Cancer- main findings

• 1 PC study (n=6302 cases, cohort 82,512, Nurses’ Health Study II)
  • RE: N

Mortality- main findings

Total Mortality (EPIC-Spain) [2007, 2008 publications – same data, different Journals]'

• PC study (n=562 deaths of ~ 41,000)
• RE: (-)
  

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